Researchers in Germany have discovered that spider venom has many new and versatile molecules that hold potential for a range of different applications, including pharmaceuticals.

This study, published in npj biodiversity found that spider venom, across 17 spider families, contained not only dangerous neurotoxins but also 140 new and previously unidentified bioactive protein (enzyme) families – enzymes are proteins that accelerate chemical and metabolic reactions.

Researchers, at the Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, in Giessen, found that these enzymes were very adaptable and could withstand harsh environmental conditions, making them ideal for eco-friendly sustainable processes – some are already known to have applications in degrading components in waste and in breaking down several molecules present in stains in biodegradable detergents.

The researchers have also identified other enzyme families present in spiders, that have potential biomedical applications, such as in regulating brain activity, reducing inflammation, and protecting brain cells, and may be able to provide new solutions for conditions like epilepsy, chronic pain and post-stroke brain damage.

Tim Lüddecke, lead researcher at the Fraunhofer Institute, said: “We are only at the beginning, as less than one per cent of all spider species have been studied for their venoms. I am confident that we will make more exciting discoveries in the remaining 99 per cent of the world’s spider fauna.”