A UK study has identified two genes that regulate the response of cancer to immunotherapy and could be used as biomarkers to predict patients’ response to therapy. 

A study in Germany using mice has revealed that a protein linked to cancer also affects the heart.

Research from the US suggests primate gut microbes influence brain-related gene activity in mice, indicating a potential role in the evolution of large brains. 

Researchers in the US created a detailed atlas showing how astrocytes, star-shaped support cells in the brain, differ across brain regions, animal species and life stages. The atlas will help to understand how these cells influence brain development, function and disease.

A study in the Netherlands has discovered that corticosteroids, widely used anti-inflammatory drugs, may prolong the effect of hormone therapy for breast cancer in mice.

Researchers in France have developed a vaccine that protects mice against anaphylaxis, a severe and life-threatening allergic reaction. This work could inform the development of new treatments for people with severe allergies.

A UK study has shown that bird flu viruses continue to multiply in mice at high temperatures that would normally stop infection, explaining why some flu viruses are more dangerous to humans. 

Researchers in Sweden have mapped the brain circuits responsible for repetitive and compulsive behaviours in mice, which can inform on disorders such as obsessive-compulsive disorder and addiction. 

Scientists in Israel have found that sounds experienced by mice early in life shape male and female auditory preferences, suggesting that the same experiences affect brain development differently according to sex. 

Researchers in Belgium have discovered, in a mouse study, that a gene mutation long linked to psoriasis also affects gut function. Psoriasis is a chronic, non-contagious skin condition caused by an overactive immune system. It leads to red, scaly patches and skin inflammation and may affect other organs, including the gut.  

Researchers in the US have identified a previously unknown brain circuit that controls how mice respond to sudden threats and recover from fear. 

Researchers in the US have developed lab-grown kidneys (organoids) that, for the first time, could produce urine when transplanted into mice.  

Researchers in Germany and Austria have discovered that the acidic environment inside tumours plays a key role in promoting cancer survival and growth.  

Researchers in Sweden have discovered what changes in the brain of mice that unlock the so-called maternal aggression. 

Researchers in the US have found that amyloid beta, a hallmark in Alzheimer’s, can strengthen immune responses and reduce tumour growth in mice. 

The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to three researchers — Shimon Sakaguchi, Mary E. Brunkow and Fred Ramsdell — for discovering how the immune system is kept in check, based on studies in mice.

A team based in the UK and Italy has developed a method to monitor a key brain alteration found in Alzheimer’s disease in the brain of living, freely moving mice using optic fibres. 

Researchers in Portugal and France discovered that the spinal cord plays a crucial role in sexual behaviour in mice and rats, opening new ways for treating sexual dysfunction in humans.

A prominent gene therapy company has announced a groundbreaking therapy for Huntington’s disease that slowed disease progression by 75% in human clinical trials.

Researchers in France have discovered that stress during pregnancy can make the progeny susceptible to develop eczema, in a study using mice.