Researchers in the UK have performed gene-editing in wax moths for the first time, opening avenues to use them as a replacement for rodents in some types of research, particularly infection. 

Wax moths are susceptible to similar bacteria and fungi infections as humans, and their cells also respond similarly. Unlike other non-mammal models, such as fruit flies, moths can be raised to human body temperature. Yet, their use as a model organism in research has been limited due to the lack of genetic tools. 

Researchers from the University of Exeter were able to remove and introduce new genes in wax moths, using the gene-editing tool CRISPR and a technique that “cuts and pastes” DNA. By editing their genes, the researchers could make the moths’ larvae glow under a microscope by turning fluorescent specific structures inside their cells. This study opens the possibility of replicating this approach with other genes, in the future, including genes that are activated in response to specific biological conditions.  

“The ability to insert, delete or modify genes opens huge potential, from understanding innate immunity to developing real-time biosensors for infection,” said James Pierce, from the University of Exeter and author of the study published in Lab Animal. 

Engineered moths could also reduce the need for smaller mammals in certain areas of research, including antimicrobial resistance - a major threat to human health - where faster and scalable solutions are needed.